Python Basics — Day 11 Tuples & Sets in Python

01. Tuples

✅ Features

• Store multiple values in order (similar to lists)

• Use parentheses ( )

• Immutable (cannot be changed) → good for read-only data

fruits = ("Apple", "Banana", "Grape")
print(fruits[0])   # Apple
print(fruits[-1])  # Grape

✅ Tuple vs List

list1 = [1, 2, 3]      # List: mutable
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)     # Tuple: immutable

list1[0] = 100     # Allowed
# tuple1[0] = 100  # Error ❌

✅ Use Case

• Often used when returning multiple values from a function

def calc(a, b):
    return a + b, a - b

result = calc(5, 2)
print(result)        # (7, 3)

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02. Sets

✅ Features

• No duplicates, unordered

• Use curly braces { }

• Useful for mathematical set operations

nums = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4}
print(nums)    # {1, 2, 3, 4} (duplicates removed)

✅ Common Operations

a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {3, 4, 5}

print(a | b)   # Union {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(a & b)   # Intersection {3}
print(a - b)   # Difference {1, 2}
print(a ^ b)   # Symmetric difference {1, 2, 4, 5}

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03. Set Methods

s = {1, 2, 3}

s.add(4)         # Add element
s.remove(2)      # Remove element
s.discard(5)     # Remove element safely (no error if missing)
print(s)

s.clear()        # Clear all elements
print(s)         # set()

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04. Casting Between Types

You can convert between lists, strings, sets, and tuples.

text = "banana"
print(set(text))     # {'b', 'a', 'n'}  (duplicates removed)

numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4]
unique = set(numbers)
print(list(unique))  # [1, 2, 3, 4]

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05. Practice Examples

Example 1: Tuple

colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
for c in colors:
    print(c)

Example 2: Set

my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set.add(2)
my_set.add(4)
print(my_set)   # {1, 2, 3, 4}

Example 3: Remove Duplicates

nums = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4]
unique_nums = list(set(nums))
print(unique_nums)   # [1, 2, 3, 4]

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